Air Conditioners Offer Relief From Heat, but Experts Warn of Health Effects From Excessive Use

As temperatures continue to rise across the world with the arrival of summer, millions of people are relying on air conditioners (ACs) to stay cool and avoid the dangers of extreme heat. However, experts say that while ACs provide comfort and protection from high temperatures, excessive or improper use can also have certain effects on health.

According to a report published by Al Jazeera, air conditioners work by drawing warm, humid air from inside a room and passing it over cold coils. A refrigerant gas inside the system absorbs the heat, allowing cooler air to circulate back into the room. At the same time, moisture is removed from the air, reducing humidity and helping maintain a comfortable indoor environment.

The modern air-conditioning system was first developed in 1902 by American engineer Willis Carrier, who designed a humidity-control system for a printing plant in New York. Window-mounted air conditioners were introduced in 1931, and following World War II, mass production made the technology widely available in homes and offices around the world.

Experts note that air conditioning plays a crucial role in preventing heat-related illnesses, particularly in regions with extreme temperatures and high humidity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), heat stress is one of the leading causes of weather-related deaths and can worsen conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and mental health disorders.

One of the most serious heat-related conditions is heat stroke, which occurs when the body’s temperature rises above 40°C. Without immediate medical treatment, heat stroke can be life-threatening.

Health specialists recommend several measures to stay safe during periods of extreme heat, including drinking plenty of water, avoiding direct sunlight, wearing light-colored cotton clothing, limiting outdoor activities during the hottest hours of the day, and keeping living spaces cool.

If someone shows signs of heat stroke, experts advise moving the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area, loosening tight clothing, elevating the feet slightly, and using fans or cooling devices to lower body temperature while seeking medical attention.

While air conditioners provide important protection from heat, prolonged exposure to cool, dry air can cause certain side effects. These may include dry skin, irritated eyes, headaches, and dryness of the nose and throat. Moisturizers, eye drops, adequate hydration, and saline nasal sprays can help reduce these symptoms.

Experts also warn that poorly maintained air conditioners can circulate dust, mold, and bacteria, potentially aggravating asthma and respiratory conditions. Regular cleaning and servicing of AC filters—at least once a year—is recommended to maintain healthy indoor air quality.

In addition, sitting directly in the path of cold airflow for extended periods may contribute to muscle stiffness and joint discomfort. For comfortable sleep, specialists suggest maintaining a bedroom temperature between 16°C and 18°C and using a light blanket if necessary.

For people who cannot afford an air conditioner or wish to reduce electricity costs, simple cooling alternatives may offer temporary relief. One commonly used method involves placing ice inside an insulated container and directing a small fan over it to create a stream of cooler air.

As global temperatures continue to rise, experts emphasize that cooling technologies are becoming increasingly important. However, they stress that balanced use of air conditioning, proper maintenance, and sensible heat-safety practices are essential for staying healthy during the summer months.